Francisco varela autopoiesis definicion

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This is a bold, brilliant, provocative and puzzling work.

Francisco varela autopoiesis definicion

An autopoietic system is to be contrasted with an allopoietic system, such as a car factory, which uses raw materials components to generate a car an organized structure which is something other than itself the factory. Of course, cells also require raw materials nutrients , and produce numerous products -waste products, the extracellular matrix, intracellular messaging molecules, etc.

Autopoiesis in biological systems can be viewed as a network of constraints that work to maintain themselves. This concept has been called organizational closure [ 6 ] or constraint closure [ 7 ] and is closely related to the study of autocatalytic chemical networks where constraints are reactions required to sustain life. Though others have often used the term as a synonym for self-organization , Maturana himself stated he would "[n]ever use the notion of self-organization Operationally it is impossible.

That is, if the organization of a thing changes, the thing changes". Autopoietic systems are "structurally coupled" with their medium, embedded in a dynamic of changes that can be recalled as sensory-motor coupling. An application of the concept of autopoiesis to sociology can be found in Niklas Luhmann's Systems Theory , which was subsequently adapted by Bob Jessop in his studies of the capitalist state system.

Marjatta Maula adapted the concept of autopoiesis in a business context. In the context of textual studies, Jerome McGann argues that texts are "autopoietic mechanisms operating as self-generating feedback systems that cannot be separated from those who manipulate and use them". Coding and markup appear allopoietic ", McGann argues, but are generative parts of the system they serve to maintain, and thus language and print or electronic technology are autopoietic systems.

Autopoiesis can be defined as the ratio between the complexity of a system and the complexity of its environment. This generalized view of autopoiesis considers systems as self-producing not in terms of their physical components, but in terms of its organization, which can be measured in terms of information and complexity. In other words, we can describe autopoietic systems as those producing more of their own complexity than the one produced by their environment.

Autopoiesis has been proposed as a potential mechanism of abiogenesis , by which molecules evolved into more complex cells that could support the development of life. An extensive discussion of the connection of autopoiesis to cognition is provided by Evan Thompson in his publication, Mind in Life. Initially, Maturana defined cognition as behavior of an organism "with relevance to the maintenance of itself".

On this basis it is claimed that autopoiesis is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for cognition. With the publication of The Embodied Mind in , Varela, Thompson and Rosch applied autopoesis to make non- representationalist , and enactive models of mind, brain and behavior , which further developed embodied cognitive neuroscience , later culminating in neurophenomenology.

The connection of autopoiesis to cognition, or if necessary, of living systems to cognition, is an objective assessment ascertainable by observation of a living system. One question that arises is about the connection between cognition seen in this manner and consciousness. The separation of cognition and consciousness recognizes that the organism may be unaware of the substratum where decisions are made.

What is the connection between these realms? Thompson refers to this issue as the " explanatory gap ", and one aspect of it is the hard problem of consciousness , how and why we have qualia. A second question is whether autopoiesis can provide a bridge between these concepts. Thompson discusses this issue from the standpoint of enactivism. An autopoietic cell actively relates to its environment.

Its sensory responses trigger motor behavior governed by autopoiesis, and this behavior it is claimed is a simplified version of a nervous system behavior. The further claim is that real-time interactions like this require attention, and an implication of attention is awareness. There are multiple criticisms of the use of the term in both its original context, as an attempt to define and explain the living, and its various expanded usages, such as applying it to self-organizing systems in general or social systems in particular.

An example is the assertion by Maturana and Varela that "We do not see what we do not see and what we do not see does not exist". According to Razeto-Barry, the influence of Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living in mainstream biology has proven to be limited. Razeto-Barry believes that autopoiesis is not commonly used as the criterion for life.

Zoologist and philosopher Donna Haraway also criticizes the usage of the term, arguing that "nothing makes itself; nothing is really autopoietic or self-organizing", [ 46 ] and suggests the use of sympoiesis , meaning "making-with", instead. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version.

La autopoiesis se diferencia de la homeostasis en que la homeostasis se refiere al mantenimiento de un estado constante en un sistema, mientras que la autopoiesis se refiere al proceso por el cual un sistema se reproduce y mantiene su identidad. Varela sostiene que la autopoiesis es un proceso fundamental en la naturaleza de la vida y la conciencia.

Maturana sostiene que la autopoiesis es un proceso fundamental en la naturaleza de la vida y la conciencia. El significado de autopoiesis es amplio y complejo. La autopoiesis se manifiesta en la forma en que nos cuidamos a nosotros mismos, nos alimentamos y nos preocupamos por nuestra salud. Beyond happiness: deepening the dialogue between Buddhism, psychotherapy and the mind sciences.

Karnac Books. ISBN Consultado el 8 de septiembre de Consultado el 3 de octubre de Emociones destructivas. Consultado el 27 de febrero de Rev Chil Neuro-Psiquiat. Editorial Anagrama.