Jenno topping biography of christopher columbus

And foods from the Americas, such as potatoes, tomatoes and corn, became staples for Europeans and helped increase their populations. The Columbian Exchange also brought new diseases to both hemispheres, though the effects were greatest in the Americas. Smallpox from the Old World killed millions, decimating the Native American populations to mere fractions of their original numbers.

This more than any other factor allowed for European domination of the Americas. The overwhelming benefits of the Columbian Exchange went to the Europeans initially and eventually to the rest of the world. The Americas were forever altered, and the once vibrant cultures of the Indigenous civilizations were changed and lost, denying the world any complete understanding of their existence.

As more Italians began to immigrate to the United States and settle in major cities during the 19 th century, they were subject to religious and ethnic discrimination. This included a mass lynching of 11 Sicilian immigrants in in New Orleans. Just one year after this horrific event, President Benjamin Harrison called for the first national observance of Columbus Day on October 12, , to mark the th anniversary of his arrival in the Americas.

Italian-Americans saw this honorary act for Columbus as a way of gaining acceptance. Colorado became the first state to officially observe Columbus Day in and, within five years, 14 other states followed. Thanks to a joint resolution of Congress, the day officially became a federal holiday in during the administration of Franklin D. In , Congress declared the holiday would fall on the second Monday in October each year.

As of , approximately 29 states no longer celebrate Columbus Day , and around cities have renamed it or replaced with the alternative Indigenous Peoples Day. One of the most notable cities to move away from celebrating Columbus Day in recent years is the state capital of Columbus, Ohio, which is named after the explorer. In July , the city also removed a plus-foot metal statue of Columbus from the front of City Hall.

The Biography. We have worked as daily newspaper reporters, major national magazine editors, and as editors-in-chief of regional media publications. Among our ranks are book authors and award-winning journalists. Our staff also works with freelance writers, researchers, and other contributors to produce the smart, compelling profiles and articles you see on our site.

Jenno topping biography of christopher columbus

Tyler Piccotti joined the Biography. He previously worked as a reporter and copy editor for a daily newspaper recognized by the Associated Press Sports Editors. In his current role, he shares the true stories behind your favorite movies and TV shows and profiles rising musicians, actors, and athletes. Felipa died a few years later. His second son, Fernando, was born in to Beatriz Enriquez de Arana.

In the s, the Turkish Empire controlled northern Africa, blocking Europe's easiest access to the valuable goods of the Orient, such as spices. In a search for an alternative to the dangerous and time-consuming land route, many countries turned their eyes to the sea. Portugal in particular made great strides in finding a route around the southern tip of Africa, eventually rounding the Cape of Good Hope in Rather than circling the southern-stretching continent, Columbus began a campaign to reach Asia by traveling west.

Educated people knew that the world was round; the looming question was, just how large was the planet? The Greek mathematician and astronomer Eratosthenes first calculated its size around BCE, and subsequent scholars had refined the number, but it had never been proven. Columbus argued that the numbers most scholars agreed on were too large, and that the vast land mass of Asia would further shrink the amount of sea travel necessary.

His calculations set the world at 66 percent smaller than previous estimates—estimates that were actually impressively close to the Earth's true size. Columbus first presented his plan to Portugal in , where it was rejected. He went on to Spain, ruled jointly by the monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella. The royal pair were engaged in driving the Muslims from Granada but granted him a salary and a position in the Spanish court.

Spain gained control of the southern province in January ; in April of the same year, Columbus' plan received approval. He began to plan for his voyage. Columbus set sail from the Canary Islands in September He captained the caravel a type of Portuguese ship known as the Santa Maria. So she must have amassed a fair amount from her career as a producer.

It seems that the filmmaker does not want to share images of her daily lifestyle on social networks. Therefore, Topping does not have any type of account on social media platforms such as Instagram and Twitter. However, we can see fan pages or accounts under her name. She has not revealed any information about her slim body statistics or her weight.

However, she is around 5 feet 8 inches tall while her husband Chris is 6 feet 4 inches. This article about a television producer from the United States is a stub. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikidata item. American film producer. Filmography [ edit ].

Film [ edit ]. Television [ edit ]. Awards [ edit ].