Mangal kenkre biography of mahatma

To earn more money, he became a hustler at a club and placed bets on snooker matches. Govinda had a narrow escape from death on January 5, While travelling to a studio for the shooting of 'Khuddar ', the actor's car hit another car, resulting in him sustaining injuries to his head. Though bleeding profusely, Govinda did not cancel the shooting. After visiting a doctor, he shot for the film till midnight.

However for reasons unknown, the actor declined the offer. The role subsequently went to Egyptian actor Omar Sharif. Govinda was voted No. Govinda actually sang for himself in some of his movies like, "meri pant bhi sexy" from "dulaara" and "gori gori" from "shola aur shabnam". Jeetendra got his first major break when film-maker Shantaram cast him as the hero in Geet Gaaya Pattharonne Bappi Lahiri composed for films starring Jeetendra beginning from Himmatwala.

Together Bappi and Jeetendra did 20 films between to Of these 20, 16 were silver jubilee hits and 4 were flops. Jeetendra career's first blockbuster, without being a remake of a Tamil Film, was Caravan in Jeetendra total film appearances were in films and of them were box office hits and were flops. Geet Gaaya Pattharonne was Jeetendra first hit, but that didn't fetch him offers as a lead hero.

It was Farz released in , his 4th film appearance and 3rd as the male lead, which made him a known face. When the Tamil one flopped miserably, the English language one was aborted. Jeetendra and Rajesh Khanna went to the same school and college - St. But unlike Khanna, who actively participated in inter-college competitions and won many awards, Jeetendra never participated in any drama competitions during his college days.

In the early stages of her career, Karisma Kapoor was mortally terrified of photo-sessions. While shooting for the underwater scene in KNPH, Hrithik Roshan's foot got stuck in a rocky crevice and he nearly drowned. Amitabh is a great fan of Brazilian soccer players. His favorite however is Rudd Gullit. He also has a fondness for golf. Hrithik Roshan loves collecting photographs.

He would never travel anywhere without his personal camera even as a child. He has a vast collection photographs and special scrapbooks marking each occasion. Aishwarya's first ever commercial was for Camlin pencils while in 9th grade. When Mithun and Sridevi were involved, Mithun had given Sri a pet name. He used to call her Pepsi. This was before the soft drink came to India.

Aamir Khan was supposed to play the role of Max in Josh but later it was played by Shahrukh. Dilwale Dulhaniya Lejayenge has won the most number of filmfare awards till date. Sholay won only one award even after its mega success at the box office. Rakhee favorite snach is cheese and marmalade on crackers. Raj Kapoor's nickname for Shashi Kapoor was "Taxi".

Waheeda Rahman played both mother and lover to Amitabh Bachchan. Raj Kapor used to work as a sweeper boy and clapper boy. Amitabh Bachchan holds an art degree from Sherwood College, Nainital. Mahima Chaudhary has a shoe fetish. She spends most of her free time shopping for shoes. During one such shopping stint, she actually picked up a dozen pairs of the same variety in every colour available Jaya Bachchan hates to carry handbags, so all her salwar-kameez, formal or informal, all of them, have two pockets on the sides to hold her essentials like keys, combs etc.

Guru Dutt committed suicide in by an overdoes of sleeping tablets. Amitabh Bachchan loves snacking on Bourbon biscuits and cashew nuts. Rishi Kapoor is petrified of flying. He cannot board a plane till he is drunk out of his wits. Katrina Kaif's father was a Kashmiri Indian. Shahid Kapoor starting off his career by working in music videos and advertisements, Kapoor made his Bollywood debut as a background dancer in Subhash Ghai's Taal.

Madhuri's Hum Aapke Hain Kaun, which is one the biggest Blockbuster films to be have ever made in Bollywood not only broke records in India, but also in abroad. In UK the movie grossed 1 million pounds and created a record which hasn't been broken. Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge has become a milestone, which is yet to be achieved by anyone even after a decade.

It was released nationwide on October 20, Indra Sabha with 71 songs is the film with most number of songs. The film was made in by madan Theatres. Raj kapoor worked as assistant director on Dilip Saab's first film- Jwar Bhata' before making his debut in 'Aag'. Salman Khan suffers from trigeminal neuralgia, a facial nerve disorder commonly known as the suicide disease.

Salman Khan did his first playback singing for the film 'Hello Brother'. Salman Khan wrote films like 'Veer' and 'Chandramukhi'. Unfortunately all three films failed at the Box Office. Salman Khan was swimming champion in his school days and was tipped to represent India at international events. During the shoot of Gangs of Wasseypur, in Banaras, the assistant director Sohil Shah, died in an accident, when he fell off a bridge while in a jeep.

Sohil suffered an instant hemorrhage when he hit his ear against a metal rod. Hence, there may be a possibility of a sequel. It is said that he personally requested Asin to play the lead in the Hindi version. Priyanka Chopra was the original choice. When Hrithik turned down the role, it went to Abhishek Bachchan. However, Aamir Khan was finally roped in.

Salman Khan was initially offered the role of Devdas, which was later on enacted by his rival Shahrukh Khan. In Ishqiya, Preity Zinta was the makers original choice. However, Vidya Balan took over the female lead. Raveena Tandon had adopted two girls from an orphanage somewhere around They live with her and go to school. Ex-Miss Universe Sushmita Sen adopted a baby girl.

Her name is Renee and she lives with Sushmita. Nana Patekar actually stayed in military camp for several months to prepare for his movie Prahaar. Hrithik Roshan was an assistant to his father during the making of Koyla. Aamir Khan is such a perfectionist! He almost got killed during that scene Fans of Amitabh Bachchan built him a temple in Calcutta.

The temple has his movies and a lot of info about him. Poor girl had to redo her makeup. Raj Kapoor used to work as a sweeper boy and clapper boy Fardeen Khan was arrested on May 5th in connection with Cocaine Seizure. Aamir Khan once shaved off his hair because a girl rejected him. Anil Kapoor is the director of Asian Academy of film and television film city noida which conducts film degree programs and is rated as top 10 in the world Anil Kapoor is the director of Asian Academy of film and television film city noida which conducts film degree programs and is rated as top 10 in the world Anil Kapoor is the director of Asian Academy of film and television film city noida which conducts film degree programs and is rated as top 10 in the world Anil Kapoor is the director of Asian Academy of film and television film city noida which conducts film degree programs and is rated as top 10 in the world Amir Khan's wife Reena and Shah Rukh Khan's Wife Gauri share the same birthday, October 8th.

Both Sridevi and Juhi Chawla's daughters name is Jhanvi. Sunil Dutt initially used to be an RJ for Radio Ceylon and wanted to interview his favorite actress Nargis, but it had to be cancelled when he could not say a single word to her. During the making of 'Sholay' Dharmendra paid the light boys to make mistakes during shots, so that he could embrace Hema Malini again and again.

Salman Khan likes to collect soaps. In his bathroom, there is a collection of all kinds of handmade and herbal soaps. His favourites are soaps made from natural fruit and vegetable extracts. The longest film in the world is also a Bollywood film. Anil Kapoor shaved-off his mustache, for the first time, while filming Lamhe Because the cinema industry was still considered a low profession in the 40s, music director Naushad was introduced by his parents to his bride as a tailor.

In all the other movies starring the duo, Amitabh has essayed the role of the elder sibling. The 'Khalnayak' song 'Choli Ke Peeche' was protested by as many as 42 political parties. Kaho Naa.. The movie won a total of 92 awards. But the director had to go with the latter when Katrina refused due to unknown reasons. Dilip Kumar has won the most awards as the Best Actor with 8 awards spanning over 3 decades.

Devika Rani was the first actress with a degree in film-making. Dev Anand picked up his movie titles and story lines from newspaper headlines and stories. For a country that is obsessed with films, there are still very few cinema screens. India has fewer than 13, screens compared with nearly 40, screens in the US. Akshay Kumar is superstitious.

The length of this iconic song is 20 minutes and the song is featured in three installments in the film. Danny Denzongpa was approached for that role initially. Mohammad Rafi, who loved watching boxing, requested the organisers on his tour to Chicago to get him an appointment with Mohammad Ali. Once the sound era in films started with Alam Ara in India, the second film after Alam Ara, Indrasabha had a record 71 songs.

Aamir Khan's favorite sport is Chess and Rubik's cube Lagaan is the first Bollywood film in which maximum number of foreigners have worked. Diana Penty's role in the film Cocktail was first offered to Deepika Padukone. Raj Thackeray wanted to make a film with Amitabh Bachchan in Sage Publications. Mohandas Gandhi. Infobase Publishing.

The name Gandhi means "grocer", although Mohandas's father and grandfather were politicians not grocers. The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 7 October Retrieved 15 July The Ways and Power of Love: types, factors, and techniques of moral transformation. Templeton Foundation Press. Gandhi: The Traditional Roots of Charisma.

University of Chicago Press. Retrieved 19 March Responses to Questions on Hinduism. Paulist Press. Retrieved 16 August Gandhi: A Spiritual Biography. Yale University Press. John Zavos; et al. Public Hinduisms. Orissa Review January : 45— Archived from the original PDF on 1 January Retrieved 23 February The Story of My Experiments with Truth.

Archived from the original on 7 March Retrieved 20 February Gandhi, his life and message for the world. New American Library. Retrieved 4 June Gandhi Before India. Alfred A. Archived from the original on 2 July Nanda Archived from the original on 13 May Retrieved 3 June India Currents. Archived from the original on 16 January Retrieved 16 January Gandhi as Disciple and Mentor.

Cambridge University Press. Archived from the original on 15 May Mahatma: Tendulkar, Mahatma; life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Archived from the original on 8 June Retrieved 11 August Gandhi — ". Archived from the original on 5 December Retrieved 26 September In Roxanne Reid ed. New History of South Africa 1st ed. The Journal of Modern African Studies.

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The Literature Network. Archived from the original on 10 November Retrieved 12 February Mathai; M. John; Siby K. Joseph eds. Meditations on Gandhi : a Ravindra Varma festschrift. New Delhi: Concept. Retrieved 8 September Univ of California Press. Retrieved 15 November Encyclopedia of Hinduism. New York: Facts On File. Retrieved 5 July Stanford University Press.

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Archived from the original on 2 May Retrieved 20 January Political Science Quarterly. Based on public domain volumes. Day-to-day with Gandhi: secretary's diary. Translated by Hemantkumar Nilkanth. Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan. Archived 15 October at the Wayback Machine Chapter " Appeal for enlistment", Nadiad, 22 June Archived 15 October at the Wayback Machine "Chapter 8.

Letter to J. Maffey", Nadiad, 30 April Satyagraha Foundation. Archived from the original on 5 February Retrieved 5 February Jarboe University of Nebraska. Archived from the original on 21 October Retrieved 16 October Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Indian National Congress website. All India Congress Committee. Archived from the original on 6 December Retrieved 25 February Gandhi's Rise to Power: Indian Politics — Bloomsbury Academic.

Archived from the original on 3 February Retrieved 3 February The First World War. Paine Jinnah vs. Rabindranath Tagore heavily criticized Gandhi at the time in private letters They reveal Tagore's belief that Gandhi had committed the Indian political nation to a cause that was mistakenly anti-Western and fundamentally negative. Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society.

Psychology Press. Ahmed Retrieved 18 April Orient Blackswan. Archived from the original on 10 July Retrieved 25 August He was arrested on 10 March and was sentenced to prison for six years. Modern India: the origins of an Asian democracy. Modern India: — Wipf and Stock Publishers. Archived from the original on 5 October Retrieved 6 August Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House.

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English Heritage. Archived from the original on 28 September Archived from the original on 2 October Dirks Princeton University Press. Allied Publishers. Jawaharlal Nehru, A Biography. Archived from the original on 27 May Retrieved 27 May Orissa Review. Archived from the original PDF on 24 December Retrieved 12 April Modern Asian Studies.

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Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru: a historic partnership. Publishing Corporation. End of empire. Retrieved 1 September By the late s, the League and the Congress had impressed in the British their own visions of a free future for Indian people. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 30 April Retrieved 25 March Propaganda and information in Eastern India, — a necessary weapon of war.

They heard about it on the radio, from relations and friends, by reading newspapers and, later, through government pamphlets. Among a population of almost four hundred million, where the vast majority lived in the countryside, For some, the butchery and forced relocation of the summer months of may have been the first they know about the creation of the two new states rising from the fragmentary and terminally weakened British empire in India.

A History of India. Archived from the original on 23 December Retrieved 6 June Divide and Quit. A concise history of modern India. Random House Digital, Inc. His decision was made suddenly, though after considerable thought — he gave no hint of it even to Nehru and Patel who were with him shortly before he announced his intention at a prayer-meeting on 12 January He said he would fast until communal peace was restored, real peace rather than the calm of a dead city imposed by police and troops.

Patel and the government took the fast partly as condemnation of their decision to withhold a considerable cash sum still outstanding to Pakistan as a result of the allocation of undivided India's assets because the hostilities that had broken out in Kashmir; But even when the government agreed to pay out the cash, Gandhi would not break his fast: that he would only do after a large number of important politicians and leaders of communal bodies agreed to a joint plan for restoration of normal life in the city.

LCCN Disputes over Kashmir and the division of assets and water in the aftermath of Partition increased Pakistan's anxieties regarding its much larger neighbor. Kashmir's significance for Pakistan far exceeded its strategic value; its "illegal" accession to India challenged the state's ideological foundations and pointed to a lack of sovereign fulfillment.

The "K" in Pakistan's name stood for Kashmir. Of less symbolic significance was the division of post-Partition assets. Not until December was an agreement reached on Pakistan's share of the sterling assets held by the undivided Government of India at the time of independence. The bulk of these million rupees was held back by New Delhi because of the Kashmir conflict and paid only following Gandhi's intervention and fasting.

India delivered Pakistan's military equipment even more tardily, and less than a sixth of the , tons of ordnance allotted to Pakistan by the Joint Defence Council was actually delivered. Violence: A History of the British Empire. A few months later, with war-fueled tensions over Kashmir mounting and India refusing to pay Pakistan million rupees, Pakistan's share of Britain's outstanding war debt, Gandhi began to fast.

Lindhardt og Ringhof. Sardar Patel decided, in the middle of December , that the recent financial agreements with Pakistan should not be followed, unless Pakistan ceased to support the raiders. Gandhi was not convinced and he felt—like Mountbatten and Nehru—that the agreed transfer to Pakistan of a cash amount of Rs. Gandhi started a fast unto death, which was officially done to stop communal trouble, especially in Delhi, but "word went round that it was directed against Sardar Patel's decision to withhold the cash balances" Only because of Gandhi's interference, which was soon to cause his death, Sardar Patel gave in and the money was handed over to Pakistan.

Delhi and Chennai: Pearson Education. This last fast seems to have been directed in part also against Patel's increasingly communal attitudes the Home Minister had started thinking in terms of a total transfer of population in the Punjab, and was refusing to honour a prior agreement by which India was obliged to give 55 crores of pre-Partition Government of India financial assets to Pakistan.

The national capital and its surrounding areas are gripped by massacres and the spewing of hate. The two Punjabs on either side of the border are aflame. On 1 January , a Thai visitor comes and compliments him on India's independence. Indian fears his brother Indian. Is this independence? Gandhi smarts at the Government of India's new cabinet headed by Jawaharlal Nehru deciding to withhold the transfer of Pakistan's share Rs 55 crores of the 'sterling balance' that undivided India has held at independence.

The attack on Kashmur is cited as a reason for this. Patel says India cannot give money to Pakistan 'for making bullets to be shot at us'. Gandhi's intense agitation settles into an inner quiet on 12 January when the clear thought comes to him that he must fast. And indefinitely. For further evidence of Patel's involvement in the clearing of Muslims in north India, see Pandey , Against the background of the India-Pakistan conflict in Kashmir, the dispute between the two countries over the division of cash balances and Gandhi's fast in early , Mountbatten noted the following of his interview with Patel: 'He expressed the view that the only way to re-establish decent relationship between the Muslims and non-Muslim communities was to remove Hindus and Sikhs from Pakistan and drive out the Muslims of the East Punjab and the affected neighbouring areas.

Mountbatten Papers, University of Southampton. Blackwell History of the World Series 2nd ed. He undertook a fast not only to restrain those bent on communal reprisal but also to influence the powerful Home Minister, Sardar Patel, who was refusing to share out the assets of the former imperial treasury with Pakistan, as had been agreed.

Gandhi's insistence on justice for Pakistan now that the partition was a fact Palgrave Macmillan. Archived from the original on 12 October Retrieved 31 August The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi. Archived from the original on 1 January Empirical Foundations of Psychology. History of India, Volume 2: From the sixteenth century to the twentieth century.

Commissions and Omissions by Indian Prime Ministers. Regency Publications. Religion in India: Past and Present. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. Three days later the Mahatma was dead, murdered by a Hindu fanatic, Nathuram Godse, as a climax to a conspiracy hatched by a Poona Brahman group originally inspired by V. Savarkar—a conspiracy which, despite ample warnings, the police of Bombay and Delhi had done nothing to foil.

Bowyer []. Assassin: Theory and Practice of Political Violence. London: Routledge. The Partition of India. Archived from the original on 28 March Retrieved 2 December The bitter experiences of the refugees encouraged them to support right-wing Hindu parties. Trouble began in September after the arrival from refugees from Pakistan who were determined on revenge and driving Muslims out of properties which they could then occupy.

Gandhi in his prayer meetings in Birla House denounced the 'crooked and ungentlemanly' squeezing out of Muslims. Despite these exhortations, two-thirds of the city's Muslims were to eventually abandon India's capital. Gandhi, the Forgotten Mahatma. Mittal Publications. Almanac of World Crime. Retrieved 30 July Archived from the original on 3 July Retrieved 18 June Grove Press.

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Towheed, Shafquat; Owens, W. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. Retrieved 29 June Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. Los Angeles Times. ProQuest Gandhi Ashram. Rediscovering Gandhi. Gandhian studies and peace research series in Maltese. Archived from the original on 6 August Asian Spiritualities and Social Transformation. Springer Nature.

Archived from the original on 10 August Retrieved 10 August The sheer vagueness and contradictions recurrent throughout his writing made it easier to accept him as a saint than to fathom the challenge posed by his demanding beliefs. Gandhi saw no harm in self-contradictions: life was a series of experiments, and any principle might change if Truth so dictated.

Stuart Brown; et al. Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers. Bruce Journal of Indian History. Religious Studies. Gandhi's Philosophy and the Quest for Harmony. Retrieved 13 January Gier State University of New York Press. Retrieved 1 June Archived from the original on 21 November Archived from the original on 30 July The Gandhi-King Community.

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Mangal kenkre biography of mahatma

In Jinnah opposed satyagraha and resigned from the Congress, boosting the fortunes of the Muslim League. The Man who Divided India. Popular Prakashan. Contemporary South Asia. Editions, First Edition, pp. Political Theory. Gandhi staked his reputation as an original political thinker on this specific issue. Hitherto, violence had been used in the name of political rights, such as in street riots, regicide, or armed revolutions.

Gandhi believes there is a better way of securing political rights, that of nonviolence, and that this new way marks an advance in political ethics. Young India. Gandhi: 3. Archived from the original on 19 October Retrieved 3 May Cited from Borman , pp. Harvard University Press. Gandhi was the leading genius of the later, and ultimately successful, campaign for India's independence.

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Springer Nature Singapore. Mahatma Gandhi, modern India's greatest icon, elevated his search for moksha above any of his social or political goals, including India's freedom from colonial rule. Grand Central Publishing. Gandhi is not only the greatest figure in India's history, but his influence is felt in almost every aspect of life and public policy.

Tribune India. BBC News. Archived from the original on 14 March Retrieved 21 December The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary. Addresses in Durban and Verulam referred to Gandhi as a 'Mahatma', 'great soul'. He was seen as a great soul because he had taken up the poor's cause. The whites too said good things about Gandhi, who predicted a future for the Empire if it respected justice.

India-China Relations. Sunderlal Institute of Asian Studies. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting India. Dutta, Krishna ed. Rabindranath Tagore: an anthology. Robinson, Andrew. From year to year I have known him intimately for over twenty years I have found him getting more and more selfless. He is now leading almost an ascetic sort of life — not the life of an ordinary ascetic that we usually see but that of a great Mahatma and the one idea that engrosses his mind is his motherland.

Gokhale, dated Rangoon, 8 November , File No. Rabindranath followed suit and then the whole of India called him Mahatma Gandhi. But in when Gandhi was asked whether he was really a Mahatma Gandhi replied that he did not feel like one, and that, in any event, he could not define a Mahatma for he had never met any. Smithsonian National Postal Museum.

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