Shaheed bhagat singh biography in punjabi

This is an interview with Prof Jagmohan Singh, an acclaimed historian and writer in his own right, but also the nephew of Shaheed e Azam Bhagat Singh. This was a three-part interview we aired last year in , to mark Shaheedi diwas on March 23, and the first part talked about the early influences in Bhagat Singh's life. According to Prof Jagmohan Singh, Bhagat Singh was born into a family where previous generations clearly chose the path of the "common good" rather than pursuing personal gain.

Prof Sahib also tells us that Shaheed Bhagat Singh was a "born journalist" and a great lover of the arts. Latest podcast episodes. How global warming and climate crisis has contributed to the LA fires and what Australians can learn from it? Indians were called upon to boycott British goods, and students were called upon to walk out of schools and join the movement.

In these circumstances, how could Bhagat Singh remain a school student? He left school in , when he was in the ninth class, and joined the non-cooperation movement. He joined his companions and contributed wholeheartedly in mobilizing the people to fight against British rule. After some time he won admission to the National College Lahore. This college had been established by Bhai Parmanand and Lala Lajpat Rai for those who had left their institutions to join in the non-cooperation movement.

Vidya Alankar was professor of History. Bhagat Singh studied seriously the history of revolutions, revolutionaries and social movements of the world. In the context that obtained, the plays presented a contemporary reference to the freedom movement. In Indian joint families, the institution of marriage has a special place. She had made the decision on her own.

When Bhagat Singh learnt about this intention, he left off his studies at the Nantionai College Lahore in He was among those who had given up their all to struggle for the country's independence. He had taken upon himself the responsibility of an entire community, not of one family. Bhagat Singh was impatient foT liberation from the bonds of slavery.

He wanted also to lead his compatriots towards such a liberation. Nobody had the slightest inkling then that Bhagat Singh would in truth go with the Indian marriage procession to wed the bride, Death. Virendra Sandhu Trs. Ajit Singh in 4 Komagata Warn left the sea-shores of Hongkong port on Apnl 4, with one hundred and sixty five immigrants One hundred and eleven joined them in Shinghai, eighty six at Moji and fourteen at Yakohama.

The ship reached Vancouver on 23rd May. The Canadian Government raised objection in connection with the immigration laws of the country They were asked to show their health certificates, to show two hundred dollars in cash and to fullfill other conditions. The immigrants failed to do so. On 7th July the Supreme Court rejected the petition.

The authorities asked the Komagata Maru to vacate the Canadian shores. The ship sailed back to Yakohama on 23rd July, There were two hundered fifty one Punjabi Sikhs and twenty five Muhammadans in this ship. Gurdit Singh Sarhali Amritsar In January-Feburary , they organised disturbances on a large scale in south-western Punjab and a considerable number of murders and dacoities involving much destruction of property were perpetrated.

Sohan Singh Bhakna its secretary. The Ghadar Weekly propagated revolutionary ideas against British colonialism. Bakshl, Bhagat And His fdefogy, p. Gurdev Singh Deol, op cit. The darkness of night melted in the light of dawn. The light came to the people and brought to life desire for freedom. Redness became a symbol for revolution. Those young men who had shed the lethargy of sleepy night turned their faces to the northern and eastern regions of India.

Revolutionaries had already gone in that direction. They had made arrangements to manufacture bombs and guns in Amritsar, Kanpur and Calcutta. In Bhagat Singh left Lahore and arrived in Kanpur. The reason for coming away from Lahore was not restricted to escaping the bonds of marriage. The real reason was to join in with revolutionary activities.

As in Punjab, coordination with revolutionaries in Bengal and UP had to be effected. He wrote a recommendatory letter addressed to Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi. Bhagat Singh reached Kanpur and met Vidyarthi. Vidyarthi had a press in Kanpur, the Pratap Press. Bhagat Singh joined the staff of the press as an employee. To evade British secret agents, he changed his name to Balwant Singh.

Usually, revolutionary literature printed at Pratap Press was distributed among people. Bhagat Singh met them when they came and participated in conversation with them. Bhagat Singh pushed himself into hard and taxing work in the political battlefield. In leisure time from press work he devoted himself to reading the history of revolutions in different countries 26 Path Of Revolution and of communism.

He became a member of the Hindustan Republican Association. Along with other members of the As- sociation he would go to villages in UP, distributing books, leaflets authored by revolutionanes. The young men in schools and colleges, workers and peasants were educated into violent revolution. This work was done quietly, concealed from the eyes of the police and Bntish government officials.

Bhagat Singh and his companions would propagate their views about violent revolution with ease in the village fairs and meetings They would quickly distribute the literature that they had with them and disappear to somewhere else. He was convinced that if Bhagat Singh worked with students he could lead them on to the right path of revolution.

Bhagt Singh worked devotedly in the school. He instilled in the students a love for the nation and encouraged them to work for its independence. Six months had passed since Bhagat Singh left Lahore. All this time his family had no inkling of his whereabouts. His grandmother, Jaya Kaur, became very ill. She was pining to see her grandson before she passed away.

She wanted Bhagat Singh to come home and meet her but once. Kishan Singh had also given up all talk of marriage for Bhagat Singh. All that his family wanted was to know somehow where he was so that he might be recalled home to meet his grandmother — her last wish. The family had received vague intimation that he was somewhere in Kanpur. Gupta went to Kanpur along with another friend, in 2.

Bhagat Singh deliberately avoided meeting Gupta. Vidyarthi persuaded Bhagat Singh to go to Lahore. Bhagat Singh reached Lahore in early 3. In Banga, he spent often days together in looking after his ailing grandmother. These days, he was sometimes in Lahore, and sometimes at Banga It seems obvious from this that even while looking after his ill grandmother, he did not let his attention wander far from independence struggle activities.

But the government neutralized the efforts of Bhagat Singh and his friends. Bhagat Singh assumed a great deal of responsibility in the work he was engaged upon. He was present at a condolence meeting held for those who had died in the Nankana Sahib incident. The British were annoyed with the Maharaja for doing this. The British government ordered the removal of Ripudaman Singh from the throne and confined all his movements to Dehra Dun.

Akali Jathas began arriving in Jaitu for the Morcha. They informed him that one of the Jathas on the way to Jaitu would pass through the village of Banga. Kishan Singh was on the way to Bombay on behalf of the Insurance company where he worked. So he placed the responsibility for welcoming the jatha on Bhagat Singh. He did not want the Akali Jatha to be welcomed in Banga.

He tried to misguide the people of Banga. Bhagat Singh, however, persuaded the people to follow him. The Jatha was welcomed at Banga grandly. They organized and served the Jatha members at a Langar with lunch, tea and refreshments. But Bhagat Singh was not to be easily caught. Evading the eyes and ears of the police Bhagat Singh made his way to Delhi.

Prof Jai Chander Vidya Alankar gave him help. He did not want to leave off midway the confrontation he had started with the British. After six moths he returned to Lahore. Here he decided to organize students for the freedom struggle. The Sabha did some effective and commendable work for about a year in organizing the students. The government placed a ban on the organization of any of the Sabha's functions in Lahore's schools and colleges.

Josh was busy, in collaboration with Bhag Singh Canadian, in arranging a conference on April 11, 12 and 13 to commemorate the martyrs who died in the Jallianwala Bagh shooting. Bhagat Singh had detailed talks with Josh about the proposed conference. He conveyed to Josh the desire to participate in the conference along with his friends and companions.

Many important decisions were taken at the Amritsar con- ference. It was headquartered in Amritsar. The conference 8 passed nine resolutions, touching also upon the Simon Commission, national flag, boycott of British goods, untouchabihty and communaiism. This youth organization was non-communal and democratic. Its aims were to achieve independence for India and the rule of workers and farmers.

Bhagat Singh worked for some time on the magazine's editona! He did not have faith in slow and gradual development of social and political revolution. He used to say, that "all means are justified to push ahead the cause of independence, violent or non-violent". Bhagat Singh was moving on his planned path to independence The Naujawan Bharat Sabha had intensified its political activities in Lahore.

The members did not differentiate between night and day in their work. Bhagat Singh in Lahore started a Students Organi- zational Weekly intended to bring about an awakening for freedom in the youth. A reaction from the British government was inevitable. The government had been keeping a sharp eye on the movements of Bhagat Singh and his companions.

Bhagat Singh was an eyesore for the British because he came from a family of freedom fighters and revolutionaries. The members of the Naujawan Bharat Sabha, in cooperation with the members of the Hindustan Republican Association, were involved in revolutionary activity in northern India. This may indicate that the revolutionaries of India were coming under the influence of the Russian revolutionary Democratic Socialism.

The north Indian revolutionaries — especially in Punjab, UP and Bengal — were intensifying their struggle against the British rulers. About sixty revolutionaries from Punjab. UP, Bengal. Bihar and Rajputana participated in this meeting. Chandar Shekhar Azad suggested organization of the party on militant lines. Some hard decisions were taken at the conference.

Oppostion to the Simon Commission was expressed. Bomb making centres were planned for Lahore, Calcutta, Saharanpur and Agra. The suggestions included bombing attacks on railway trains, the killing of Kakori Dacoity Case informers, and endeavour to obtain the release from prison of Jogesh Chandar Chatterji. And so on. Bhagat Singh went to Lahore from the Delhi conference.

The government was looking for an' excuse to start a case against Bhagat Singh. Prior to this, in October 10 an effort had been made to start legal action against Bhagat Singh for throwing a bomb during the Dussehra festival at Lahore. The bomb had been actually thrown by anti-social elements. The government was now more apprehensive because of Increasing militant activities by Bhagat Singh and his companions.

The British were anxious to counter the tendency and gradual build-up among youth for an armed struggle. Young men were beginning to give up government jobs to join the armed struggle. Bhagat Singh stood in the forefront for an armed struggle for independence. He considered himself as already free and fighting a war of independence. A safe containing govt cash and a sum of Rs.

In this case Ram Parshad Bismil and Ashfak Ullah Khan and two others were executed and others were awarded life imprisonment. See Gurdev Singh Deol, op. Home Department file no. The Punjabi way of life demands self-respect and dignity. To challenge the Punjabi way of life is to provoke reaction. Self- respect does not subside, it only slumbers sometimes in the recesses of the mind.

After the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy, Punjabi self- respect woke up from its slumber. In UP the Hindustan Socialist and Democratic Association was attempting to wake people to a sense of their self-respect. To keep the revolution going, the members of this organisation looted the treasure at Kakori. The British administration was terrorised to a state almost of helpless- ness.

The British administration wanted somehow to quieten the anger of the Indian people. In it was decided to set up after ten years a commission to introduce administrative reforms'. The commission was to be established in 2. But general elections were to be held in Britain then. So it was decided to set up the commission in All the members of the commission were British, not one was an Indian.

The chairman of the commission was Sir John Simon. The Swaraj Party leaders. Pandit Motilai Nehru and C. Das, had not been happy with the functioning of the committee for administrative reforms. They had already written criticising publicly the working of the committee. The Swaraj Party wanted more powers for the provincial administrations.

It also called for greater representation for Indians at the centre. Tej Bahadur Sapru, writing his reaction in The Tribune, said: I have not been able to understand why Indians have not been given representation at the centre. The citing of the fear of the minority is hypocritical and two-faced. I cannot believe that in 32 Path Of Revolution the entire country there are not a few Indians who cannot win the confidence of all the people.

I have no doubt in my mind that Sir John Simon who will chair the commission will not be able to win the confidence of the people. The people will not cooperate with him. There was opposition to the Simon Commission from all parties, including the Congress and the leftists, and even the Muslim League. There was anger against the government in the people who had gathered there.

Lala Bodh Raj appealed for joint opposition to the Commission. Sardar Kharak Singh appealed for intensified struggle to attain independence. The Simon Commission members reached Lahore on October 30 The people of Lahore organized a large rally and procession. People wore black arm-bands. About one o'clock in the afternoon the procession started from the Garden towards the railway station.

When the many thousands-strong procession approached the station, the Senior Superintendent of Police J. Scott suddenly ordered a lathi-charge on the unarmed people. Scott was seething with anger. According to some eye-witnesses, he grabbed a lathi from a policeman and began to swing it himself. A very large number of people were injured in the lathi-charge.

Lala Lajpat Rai was seriously wounded. His head and chest were badly hurt. Bhagat Singh was enraged at seeing guns and lathis in the hands of Scott and his policemen. But he could do nothing. Lala Lajpat Rai, though badly hurt, none the less attended a rally next day and criticised British resort to violence. If the Government and its officers continue to behave, as they did today, 1 would not wonder if- the young men go out of our hands and do whatever they choose with the object of gaining the freedom, of their country.

He considered the insult to him to be part of the insult to the country. In the midst of his pain he passed away on November 17 The death of Lajpat Rai was for him a personal loss. He had spent much time in the company of Lala ji. Bhagat Singh and his companions began to look for an opportunity to avenge the loss. He itched to answer British violence with violence.

The militants in Bengal have shown the way. The British are apprehensive and are sending their families home. In a short time they will come to their senses when India slips out of their hands. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru is preparing to take some new steps at the next Congress session. But we cannot depend on the Congressmen. Not only Scott — we shall have to wreak vengeance on other Englishmen.

For every single Indian we shall have to kill ten Englishmen. Only then will the enemy learn his lesson. We shall have to challenge them in a spirit of sacrifice and with the support of the people. A day was appointed for killing Scott. The day was December 17 s. It was decided to assault Scott as he emerged from the main gate of the Central Secretariat in Lahore.

Chander Shekhar Azad and Jai Gopal were on the look-out tp see when Scott would come out of his office. They were armed with pistols. It was no easy task to accomplish an assassination under the eyes of the British Raj, and that too in the vicinity of the Secretariat. Nevertheless Bhagat Singh and his companions had launched on the difficult task, fired with nationalist zeal.

Raj Guru fired the first shot. It passed through the officer's nose. Bhagat Singh immediately followed by firing a number of shots. The officer died immediately. Jai Gopal had made a mistake. With the assassination of Saunders alarm spread in the British administration. Head Constable Chanan Singh and two other policemen had witnessed the incident Chanan Singh ran in pursuit of Bhagat Singh but failed to catch him.

From there they slipped away to some unknown destination. He fell to a bullet shot by Chandar Shekhar Azad. That evening a search was conducted in the DAV College hostel. But the police could find no clue to the whereabouts of the revolutionary young men. Under the orders of the District Magistrate a few young men were detained by the police.

The following day a leaflet was distributed among people in Lahore. It was the foremost duty of each and every youth of India to perform this kind of sacred duty. But this official was a part and parcel of the bureaucracy which functioned in an inhuman and illegal way. We had to finish him once for all. By killing him we have put an end to a functionary of British bureaucracy.

We are sorry to resort to this kind of killing, but it is very difficult to function for a revolution without any kind of bloodshed. Our aim is to work for such a revolution which would put any kind of cruelty to an end. There was fear among the people but the revolutionaries moved with a feeling of triumph. In difficulty, Bhagat Singh never lost heart.

He depended on stratagem and artifice. To avoid police detection he got his hair cut and changed his guise. He was not easily recognisable. In these circumstances he and a few companions went to the Lahore railway station and boarded the Hying Mail, reaching Calcutta. He had gone to the station in a tonga with Durga Devi — the wife of the revolutionary Bhagwati Charan — and their son.

His companion Chandar Shekhar Azad had joined a Mathura- bouund crowd disguised as a pandit. The action had tossed him into the limelight. Even those who were in opposition to him and the activities of the Naujawan Bharat Sabha began now to commend his action. Before the assassination he was but a terrorist. After it, he became a symbol of national self-respect.

The issue embraced the self-respect of the entire country. Innumerable songs grew up about him, and the popularity that the man achieved was something amazing. Bakshi, op clt. Revolution is born of confrontation. Confrontation between the weak and the strong. The confrontation of ideas. The confrontation of the bonded and the free. The confrontation of rulers and subjects.

Confrontation bears revolt. The attempt to put down a revolt involves the use of force. Force is used at individual and state levels. Force becomes the policy of the administrative system. Oppression intensifies with the use of force. The British admin- istration was dependent on the use of force. What they had in plenty was courage, fortitude, determination and faith.

The faith was harnessed to achievement. Not individual achievement but achievement for society. National service and patriotism are a strange kind of intoxicant. A person so intoxicated is by no means common. One such rare instance was Bhagat Singh. The bitterness came from people oppressed and subjugated. The laws were being tightened and bullets were being used to further oppress and subjugate them.

People who had been oppressed for centuries were only struggling for their rights. They were demanding independence, their birth-right. Who does not want independence? Human beings, animals and birds are all bom to wander and fly freely. This is the way of nature. The natural way may be suppressed for some time. But the more forcibly the natural way is suppressed, the greater will be the resentment and bitterness among people.

He felt that it was necessary now to convey more loudly to the British administrative system the calls for Indian revolution. Here they spent a few hours with Sohan Singh Josh. Here he met the revolutionaries J. Das and Fanindo Das Ghosh and set up a bomb-making manufactory. Bhagat Singh was keen to get together with revolutionaries in Bengal, UP and Delhi and to organize bombings against British installations.

Bhagat Singh and his companions set up a bomb manufactory tn Agra, with branches in Lahore and Saharanpur. The British administration was making new laws to suppress the Indian people. In these circumstances the revolutionaries could not hope for any justice from the British rulers. Addressing the meeting, he emphasised that no justice should be expected from the British administration.

The government wished to suppress the independence movement with black laws and a policy of oppression. It would be foolish to hope for administrative reforms and justice from the British. The young men would have to sacrifice. With such sacrifices the eyes of the British rulers would open. It was necessary to pierce their deaf ears with slogans of 'Inqilaab Zindabaad' and with the sound of bomb explosions.

All these plans were going around in Bhagat Singh's mind. After the throwing of the bombs it would be wrong to flee, it was necessary to face arrest. After the arrests cases would be tried in the law courts. These cases would inspire more people towards revolution. People would have an opportunity to think in a new way. Enthusiasm would be heightened for freedom and their sympathy for the revolutionaries and revolution would increase.

Bhagat Singh and B. K, Dutt took upon themselves the responsibility of bombing the Assembly. Prior to this Bhagat Singh had been moving between Agra and Delhi. Here, he had thoroughly observed the situation. It was decided to throw the bomb on April 8 On that day the Viceroy, Lord Irwin, was to speak on the Bills. For that reason the Assembly was more than usually full of people, including journalists and others.

Bhagat Singh and Dutt had already arranged for passes for entry into the Assembly. At the appointed time they entered the hall. Before the President had pronounced on the Safety Bill the sound came of a loud explosion. Immediately after, another bomb burst. People ran about in panic. Smoke filled the galleries. The members also left their chairs and ran about.

In the confusion nobody could understand what precisely had happened. People saw Bhagat Singh and Dutt throwing leaflets from the gallery. The police were ordered to grab the leaflets before these fell into the hands of the people. Even so, a correspondent of The Hindustan Times succeeded in getting a leaflet. The indiscriminate arrests of labour leaders working in the open field clearly indicate whither the wind blows.

Great empires crumbled while the ideas survived. Bourbons and Czars fell. But the sacrifice of individuals at the altar of the Great Revolution that will bring freedom to all rendering the exploitation of man by man impossible, is inevitable. Dutt stood still. There was no fear on their faces. They had decided beforehand that they would not run away from the Assembly.

The well known Congress leader, Asaf All, who was an eye-witness, described the incident in these words: "When I 5 reached the Assembly hall 1 could not find a place to sit. I found Brij La] Nehru also standing dose by, and we began to watch the proceedings from where we stood. As soon as the President, V. Patel, was about to rise to rule on the Trade Disputes Bill, Brij Lai Nehru remarked smiling that Patel was about to throw a bombshell.

I thought for a moment that the Government was distracting our attention with a squib. Immediately another bomb burst and filled the hall with smoke. Then there was a burst of gunfire. There was pandemonium in the Assembly and people began to rush out. The people had broken the' doors and run out. Sergeant Terry came towards Bhagat Singh apprehensively.

But Bhagat Singh did not move. He submitted to being arrested. Dutt too was put under arrest. They were taken to the police van and from there to the Chandni Chowk police station, where they were detained. Because of the bomb-throwing, the members of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association began to be arrested. The Government gave the police orders to be harsh.

The premises of the revo- lutionaries began to be raided. The members of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association in many towns all over the country, especially Lahore and Delhi, pasted thousands of posters on walls to intimidate the Government. They wrote anonymous letters to the Government in which they warned about its suppressive and oppressive policies.

Bhagat Singh was asked to submit a statement. He refused. He said he would say what he had to in the law court. We were transferred to Delhi Jail from the police station on April 22 and we are still in the Jail. The case opens on May 7 inside the jail. Probably all the drama will end in a month. There is no need to worry unnecessarily.

On his X formerly Twitter account, he wrote:. Remembering Shaheed Bhagat Singh on his birth anniversary. A beacon of courage, he will forever be a symbol of India's relentless fight for justice and liberty.

Shaheed bhagat singh biography in punjabi

It is said that when Bhagat Singh was born, his father and two uncles were behind bars for taking part in the agitation around the Canal Colonization Bill in After studying in a village school for a couple of years, he attended an Anglo-Vedic school in Lahore , operated by Arya Samaj. He visited the site of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre hours after thousands of unarmed demonstrators were killed by General Dyer.

Simon Commission was established by the British Government to report the political situation in India. On 30 October , the Commission visited Lahore. Lala Lajpat Rai led a silent march against it. In a bid to disperse the demonstrators, the Superintendent of Police, James A. Scott, ordered a lathi charge in which Rai was grievously injured.

Rai died of a heart attack on 17 November Soon after this, a massive search operation was launched and Bhagat Singh had to flee from Lahore, and shave his head and beard to avoid recognition. He became a symbol, the act was forgotten, the symbol remained, and within a few months each town and village of Punjab, and to a lesser extent in the rest of northern India, resounded with his name.

Innumerable songs grew about him and the popularity that the man achieved was something amazing.